Electric vehicle inverter module capacitors

ABSTRACT

Provided herein is a capacitor module of an inverter module of an electric vehicle. The capacitor module can include a capacitor housing. The capacitor module can include a plurality of positive terminals coupled with a first surface of the capacitor housing and extending from the first surface at a first angle. The capacitor module can include a plurality of negative terminals coupled with the first surface of the capacitor housing and extending from the first surface at the first angle. The capacitor module can include a divider coupled with the first surface of the capacitor housing. The divider can be disposed between the plurality of positive terminals and the plurality of negative terminals. The divider can electrically isolate the plurality of positive terminals from the plurality of negative terminals. The capacitor module can include a plurality of mounting holes formed on an outer surface of the capacitor housing.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The present application claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application 62/663,190, filed on Apr. 26,2018, tilted “ELECTRIC VEHICLE INVERTER MODULE CAPACITORS,” which isincorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

Batteries can include electrochemical materials to supply electricalpower to various electrical components connected thereto. Such batteriescan provide electrical energy to various electrical systems.

SUMMARY

Systems and methods described herein relate to a multiple phase invertermodule formed having three power modules (which can also be referred toherein as half-bridge modules, half-bridge inverter modules orsub-modules) arranged for example in a triplet configuration forelectric vehicle drive systems. Each power module can include at leastone capacitor module. The inverter module can be coupled with a drivetrain unit of an electric vehicle and can provide three phase voltagesto the drive train unit. For example, each of the power modules havingat least one capacitor module can generate a single phase voltage andthus, the three power modules arranged in a triplet configuration canprovide three phase voltages.

At least one aspect is directed to a capacitor module of an invertermodule to provide electrical power to an electric vehicle. The capacitormodule can include a capacitor housing. The capacitor module can includea plurality of positive terminals coupled with a first surface of thecapacitor housing and extending from the first surface at a first angle.The capacitor module can include a plurality of negative terminalscoupled with the first surface of the capacitor housing and extendingfrom the first surface at the first angle. The capacitor module caninclude a divider coupled with the first surface of the capacitorhousing. The divider can be disposed between the plurality of positiveterminals and the plurality of negative terminals. The divider canelectrically isolate the plurality of positive terminals from theplurality of negative terminals. The capacitor module can include aplurality of mounting holes formed on an outer surface of the capacitorhousing.

At least one aspect is directed to a method of providing a capacitormodule of an inverter module of an electric vehicle. The method caninclude providing a capacitor housing of a capacitor module. The methodcan include coupling a plurality of positive terminals with a firstsurface of the capacitor housing such that the plurality of positiveterminals extend from the first surface at a first angle. The method caninclude coupling a plurality of negative terminals with the firstsurface of the capacitor housing such that the plurality of negativeterminals extend from the first surface at the first angle. The methodcan include disposing a divider between the plurality of positiveterminals and the plurality of negative terminals. The divider cancouple with the first surface of the capacitor housing. The divider canelectrically isolate the plurality of positive terminals from theplurality of negative terminals. The method can include forming aplurality of mounting holes on an outer surface of the capacitorhousing.

At least one aspect is directed to a method of providing a capacitormodule of an inverter module of an electric vehicle. The method caninclude providing a capacitor module of an inverter module of anelectric vehicle. The capacitor module can include a capacitor housing.The capacitor module can include a plurality of positive terminalscoupled with a first surface of the capacitor housing and extending fromthe first surface at a first angle. The capacitor module can include aplurality of negative terminals coupled with the first surface of thecapacitor housing and extending from the first surface at the firstangle. The capacitor module can include a divider coupled with the firstsurface of the capacitor housing. The divider can be disposed betweenthe plurality of positive terminals and the plurality of negativeterminals. The divider can electrically isolate the plurality ofpositive terminals from the plurality of negative terminals. Thecapacitor module can include a plurality of mounting holes formed on anouter surface of the capacitor housing.

At least one aspect is directed to an electric vehicle. The electricvehicle can include a capacitor module of an inverter module of anelectric vehicle. The capacitor module can include a capacitor housing.The capacitor module can include a plurality of positive terminalscoupled with a first surface of the capacitor housing and extending fromthe first surface at a first angle. The capacitor module can include aplurality of negative terminals coupled with the first surface of thecapacitor housing and extending from the first surface at the firstangle. The capacitor module can include a divider coupled with the firstsurface of the capacitor housing. The divider can be disposed betweenthe plurality of positive terminals and the plurality of negativeterminals. The divider can electrically isolate the plurality ofpositive terminals from the plurality of negative terminals. Thecapacitor module can include a plurality of mounting holes formed on anouter surface of the capacitor housing.

These and other aspects and implementations are discussed in detailbelow. The foregoing information and the following detailed descriptioninclude illustrative examples of various aspects and implementations,and provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature andcharacter of the claimed aspects and implementations. The drawingsprovide illustration and a further understanding of the various aspectsand implementations, and are incorporated in and constitute a part ofthis specification.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale. Likereference numbers and designations in the various drawings indicate likeelements. For purposes of clarity, not every component can be labeled inevery drawing. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 depicts an example view of a capacitor module of an invertermodule of a drive unit of an electric vehicle; according to anillustrative implementation;

FIG. 2 depicts an example exploded view of the capacitor module of FIG.1 having a divider disposed between positive and negative terminals ofthe capacitor module, according to an illustrative implementation;

FIG. 3 is an example exploded view of a single phase power module of amultiple phase inverter module of a drive unit of an electric vehicle;according to an illustrative implementation;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram depicting a cross-sectional view of an exampleelectric vehicle installed with a battery pack;

FIG. 5 depicts a flow diagram of an example method of forming acapacitor module of an inverter module of an electric vehicle, accordingto an illustrative implementation; and

FIG. 6 depicts a flow diagram of an example method of providing acapacitor module of an inverter module of an electric vehicle, accordingto an illustrative implementation.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Following below are more detailed descriptions of various conceptsrelated to, and implementations of battery cells for battery packs inelectric vehicles. The various concepts introduced above and discussedin greater detail below can be implemented in any of numerous ways.

Systems and methods described herein relate to a capacitor module of aninverter module of a drive train unit of an electric vehicle. Forexample, the inverter module can include one or more power modules, witheach power module having at least one capacitor module. The invertermodule can generate a single phase voltage or a multiple phase voltage(e.g., three phase voltage) to power electrical components within anelectrical vehicle. The power modules can include individualsub-systems, such as a capacitor module, laminated bus bar or heat sinkmodule, to provide a compact design. The modular design of each of thesub-systems, including the capacitor module, of the power module canprovide for lower scrap rate in production since, for example, each ofthe individual sub-systems can be individually removed, repaired, orreplaced if there is problem in quality check step.

FIG. 1, among others, depicts a capacitor module 100. The capacitormodule 100 can be a component of an inverter module of a drive trainunit of an electric vehicle. (e.g., inverter module 450 of electricvehicle 405 of FIG. 4). For example, the capacitor module 100 can be acomponent of a single phase power module that can be coupled with twoother single phase power modules to form a three phase inverter moduleof a drive train unit of an electric vehicle. The capacitor module 100can operate with the inverter module to provide electrical power to anelectric vehicle.

The capacitor module 100 can include a capacitor housing 105. Thecapacitor housing 105 can form an outer surface or base area of thecapacitor module 100. The capacitor housing 105 can provide passivecooling to the capacitor module 100. For example, the capacitor housing105 can provide passive cooling to a bottom portion or bottom area thatis generally under or disposed adjacent to electrical components of thecapacitor module 100 and provide passive cooling to the electricalcomponents of the capacitor module 100. The passive cooling can beprovided by the environment around the capacitor module 100. Forexample, the capacitor housing 105 can be exposed to air in theenvironment around the capacitor module 100 that can be used to cool orprovide passive cooling to the capacitor housing 105. The capacitorhousing 105 can include a variety of different materials, including butnot limited to, plastic material. The dimensions of the capacitorhousing 105 can vary and can be selected based at least in part on thedimensions of an inverter module the capacitor housing 105 is to be adisposed within. For example, the capacitor housing 105 can have aheight in a range from 30 mm to 40 mm (e.g., 32 mm). The capacitorhousing 105 can have a width in a range from 60 mm to about 70 mm (e.g.,66 mm). The capacitor housing 105 can have a length in a range from 140mm to about 155 mm (e.g., 150 mm). The dimensions, such as the height,width and length, of the capacitor housing 105 can vary within oroutside these ranges. The capacitor housing 105 can define a housing tosupport and hold the components of the capacitor module 100, such as butnot limited to, positive terminals (e.g., positive terminals 115),negative terminals (e.g., negative terminals 120), and a divider (e.g.,divider 110). One or more capacitor elements can be disposed within thecapacitor housing 105. For example, the capacitor housing 105 can housea single capacitor film roll or multiple capacitor film rolls (e.g.,three to four capacitor film rolls). The capacitor film rolls can becoupled with positive terminals and the negative terminals within thecapacitor housing 105 through one or more tabs. The capacitor film rollsand thus the capacitor module 100 can have a capacitance value of200-400 nanofarads (nF), e.g., 300 nF. The capacitance value can varywithin or outside this range.

The capacitor module 100 can include at least one first polarity (e.g.,positive) terminal 115 and at least one second polarity (e.g., negative)terminal 120. For example, and as depicted in FIG. 1, the capacitormodule 100 can include a plurality of positive terminals 115 and aplurality of negative terminals 120. The positive terminals 115 cancorrespond to leads or terminals of a positive bus bar of the capacitormodule 100. The negative terminals 120 can correspond to leads orterminals of a negative bus bar of the capacitor module 100. Forexample, the capacitor module 100 can include a positive bus bar and anegative bus bar disposed within the capacitor housing 105. The positiveterminals 115 can include leads, terminals or extensions of the positivebus bar that extend out of the capacitor module 100 to couple with leadsof other components of an inverter module, such as but not limited to,transistors leads of a plurality of transistors of the inverter module.The negative terminals 120 can include leads, terminals or extensions ofthe negative bus bar that extend out of the capacitor module 100 tocouple with leads of other components of an inverter module, such as butnot limited to, transistors leads of a plurality of transistors of theinverter module. The positive terminals 115 can include conductivematerial, such as but not limited to copper. The positive terminals 115can have a thickness or width in a range from of 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm (e.g.,1 mm). The positive terminals 115 can have a length in a range from 0.5mm to 1.5 mm. The positive terminals 115 can have a height in a rangefrom 1 mm to 6 mm. The thickness, width, length, or height of thepositive terminals 115 can vary within or outside this range. Thenegative terminals 120 can include conductive material, such as but notlimited to copper. The negative terminals 120 can have a thickness orwidth in a range from of 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm (e.g., 1 mm). The negativeterminals 120 can have a length in a range from 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm. Thenegative terminals 120 can have a height in a range from 1 mm to 6 mm.The thickness, width, length, or height of the negative terminals 120can vary within or outside this range.

The capacitor module 100 can include a divider 110. The divider 110 canbe disposed between positive terminals 115 and negative terminals 120 ofthe capacitor module 100. For example, the divider 110 can electricallyisolate or electrically insulate the positive terminals 115 from thenegative terminals 120. The divider 110 can include non-conductivematerial, insulation material, or plastic material. The shape anddimensions of the divider 110 can vary and can be selected based atleast in part on the shape and dimensions of the positive terminals 115and the negative terminals 120. For example, a thickness or width of thedivider 110 can range from 0.8 mm to 1 mm. A length of the divider 110can range from 130 mm to 145 mm (e.g., 140 mm). A height of the divider110 can range from 20 mm to 30 mm (e.g., 25 mm). This height can includean extension portion (e.g., extension portion 230 of FIG. 2). Thethickness, width, length or height of the divider 100 can vary within oroutside these ranges.

The divider 110 can include at least two divider support members 140.The divider support members 140 can be disposed at opposing ends of thedivider 110. For example, a first divider support member 140 can couplewith a first side surface 112 or first edge surface 112 of the divider110. A second divider support member 140 can couple with a second sidesurface 114 or second edge surface 114 of the divider 110. The firstside surface 112 (or first edge surface) of the divider 110 can be anopposite or opposing surface with respect to the second side surface 114(or second edge surface) of the divider 110. For example, the first sidesurface 112 can correspond to an opposite end of the divider 140 ascompared to the second side surface 114. The divider support members 140can hold or support the positive terminals 115 and the negativeterminals 120. For example, the divider support members 140 can coupleor hold portions of the positive terminals 115 in contact with thedivider 110. The divider support members 140 can couple or hold portionsof the negative terminals 120 in contact with the divider 110. Thedivider support members 140 can provide electrical insulation betweenthe positive terminals 115 and the negative terminals 120 and othercomponents of an inverter module. The divider support members 140 caninclude non-conductive material, insulation material, or plasticmaterial. The divider support members 140 can have a thickness or widthin a range from 5 mm to 6 mm (e.g., 5.4 mm). The divider support members140 can have a height in a range from 18 mm to 20 mm. The dividersupport members 140 can have a length in a range from 1 mm to 5 mm. Theheight, width, thickness, or length of the divider support members 140can vary within or outside these ranges.

The capacitor modules 100 described herein can include mounting holes125 to receive or engage connection points on a heat sink component ofan inverter module such that the heat sink can provide active cooling tothe respective capacitor module 100. The mounting holes 125 can providea connection point to secure the respective capacitor module 100 withinan inverter module to reduce vibration effects on the respectivecapacitor module 100. The capacitor module 100 can include positiveterminals 115 and negative terminals 120 having a predetermined shape toprovide an easier and more reliable connection to other electricalcomponents of the inverter module.

The capacitor module 100 can include a plurality of mounting holes 125to couple the capacitor module 100 with one or more components of aninverter module of a drive train unit of an electric vehicle. Forexample, the capacitor module 100 can be disposed within or coupled withan inverter module using the plurality of mounting holes 125. Themounting holes 125 can receive or engage connection points on a heatsink, such as but not limited to, mounting feet formed on the heat sinkto couple the heat sink with the capacitor module 100 (e.g., heat sink305 of FIG. 3). The heat sink can provide active cooling to thecapacitor module 100. Therefore, the capacitor module 100 can providecooling from at least two different sources and at two differentsurfaces. For example, the capacitor module 100 can receive activecooling at a first surface 107 or first portion (e.g., top surface, topportion) from the heat sink and passive cooling at a second surface orsecond portion (e.g., bottom surface, bottom portion) from the capacitorhousing 105

The mounting holes 125 can include or be formed as connection points onone or more portions on the capacitor housing 105. The mounting holes125 can include holes, orifices, or hollow portions formed through oneor more portions of the capacitor housing 105. The mounting holes 125can be formed completely though a portion of the capacitor housing 105or may be formed to a certain depth into a surface of the capacitorhousing 105. The mounting holes 125 may include a threaded inner surfaceto receive or engage a threaded outer surface of a fastener, screw orbolt. The mounting holes 125 can have a round shape, spherical shape,rectangular shape or other shape. The mounting holes 125 can have avariety of different shapes, sizes or dimensions and the shape, size ordimensions of a particular mounting hole 125 can be selected based atleast in part on the dimensions of the capacitor module 100.

Referring to FIG. 2, among others, an exploded view 200 of the capacitormodule 100 is provided illustrating the positional relationship betweenthe positive terminals 115 and negative terminals 120 disposed betweenthe divider 110 of the capacitor module 100. The positive terminals 115can be formed having a variety of different shapes and a particularshape of the positive terminals 115 can be selected based at least inpart on parasitic inductance values or the shape of the components thepositive terminals 115 are to be coupled with. For example, the positiveterminals 115 can be formed having an “S” shape, curved shape, curvedstamped shape or bent shape to provide low parasitic inductance. The “S”shape, curved shape, curved stamped shape or bent shape may provide foran easier weld or more reliable, stronger weld to other components orelectrical elements within an inverter module. The positive terminals115 may be formed having a straight shape. The positive terminals 115can extend from a first surface 107 of the capacitor housing 105 at apredetermined angle. The predetermined angle can range from 45 degreesto 135 degrees with respect to the first surface 107 (e.g., top surface)of the capacitor housing 105. For example, the first angle can include90 degrees (e.g., perpendicular) with respect to the first surface 107of the capacitor housing 105. The positive terminals 115 can be formedfrom conductive material, such as but not limited to copper. Thepositive terminals 115 can couple with the capacitor housing 105 suchthat a portion of each of the positive terminals 115 extends into aninner region formed by the capacitor housing 105 can couples withcapacitive elements within the capacitor housing 105. The positiveterminals 115 can couple with or correspond to leads or terminals of apositive bus bar of the capacitor module 100.

The positive terminals 115 can be formed such that a first portion 210has a first shape and a second portion 215 has a second, differentshape. For example, the positive terminals 115 can include a firstportion 210 having a straight or flat shape. The first portion 210 cancorrespond to a positive base portion 210 of the positive terminals 115.A length of the positive base portion 210 can range from 130 mm to 145mm (e.g., 140 mm). A width or thickness of the positive base portion 210can range from 0.5 mm to 1 mm. A height of the positive base portion 210can range from 16 mm to 26 mm (e.g., 20 mm). The thickness, width,length or height of the positive base portion 210 can vary within oroutside these ranges. The positive base portion 210 can includeconductive material, such as but not limited to copper.

The positive terminals 115 can include a second portion 215 having aplurality of positive leads 215 (e.g., finger portions) that extend outfrom the first portion 210 (e.g., positive base portion) of the positiveterminals 115. The plurality of positive leads 215 of the second portioncan include an “S” shape, curved shape, curved stamped shape or bentshape to provide low parasitic inductance. The positive leads 215 canhave a thickness or width in a range from of 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm (e.g., 1mm). The positive leads 215 can have a length in a range from 0.5 mm to1.5 mm. The positive leads 215 can have a height (distance extendingfrom a top surface of the positive base portion 210) in a range from 15mm to 40 mm. The thickness, width, length, or height of the positiveleads 215 of the positive terminals 115 can vary within or outside thisrange. The positive leads 215 can include conductive material, such asbut not limited to copper.

The negative terminals 120 can have a variety of different shapes and aparticular shape of the negative terminals 120 can be selected based atleast in part on parasitic inductance values or the shape of thecomponents the negative terminals 120 are to be coupled with. Forexample, the negative terminals 120 can be formed having an “S” shape,curved shape, curved stamped shape or bent shape to provide lowparasitic inductance. The “S” shape, curved shape, curved stamped shapeor bent shape may provide for an easier weld or more reliable, strongerweld to other components or electrical elements within an invertermodule. The negative terminals 120 may be formed having a straightshape. The negative terminals 120 can extend from a first surface 107 ofthe capacitor housing 105 at a predetermined angle. The predeterminedangle can range from 45 degrees to 135 degrees with respect to the firstsurface 107 (e.g., top surface) of the capacitor housing 105. Forexample, the first angle can include 90 degrees (e.g., perpendicular)with respect to the first surface 107 of the capacitor housing 105. Thenegative terminals 120 can be formed from conductive material, such asbut not limited to copper. The negative terminals 120 can couple withthe capacitor housing 105 such that a portion of each of the negativeterminals 120 extends into an inner region formed by the capacitorhousing 105 can couples with capacitive elements within the capacitorhousing 105. The negative terminals 120 can couple with or correspond toleads or terminals of a negative bus bar of the capacitor module 100.

The negative terminals 120 can be formed such that a first portion 225has a first shape and a second portion 220 has a second, differentshape. For example, the negative terminals 120 can include a firstportion 225 having a generally straight or flat shape. The first portion225 can correspond to a negative base portion 225 of the negativeterminals 120. A length of the negative base portion 225 can range from130 mm to 145 mm (e.g., 140 mm). A width or thickness of the negativebase portion 225 can range from 0.5 mm to 1 mm. A height of the negativebase portion 225 can range from 16 mm to 26 mm (e.g., 20 mm). Thethickness, width, length or height of the negative base portion 225 canvary within or outside these ranges. The negative base portion 225 caninclude conductive material, such as but not limited to copper.

The negative terminals 120 can include a second portion 220 having aplurality of negative leads 220 (e.g., finger portions) that extend outfrom the first portion 225 (e.g., negative base portion) of the negativeterminals 120. The plurality of negative leads 220 of the second portion220 can include an “S” shape, curved shape, curved stamped shape or bentshape to provide low parasitic inductance.

The negative leads 220 can have a thickness or width in a range from of0.5 mm to 1.5 mm (e.g., 1 mm). The negative leads 220 can have a lengthin a range from 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm. The negative leads 220 can have aheight (distance extending from a top surface of the negative baseportion 225) in a range from 15 mm to 40 mm. The thickness, width,length, or height of the negative leads 220 of the negative terminals120 can vary within or outside this range. The negative leads 220 caninclude conductive material, such as but not limited to copper.

The positive terminals 115 and the negative terminals 120 can have thesame shape and dimensions or having different shapes and dimensions. Thepositive terminals 115 and the negative terminals 120 can includeconductive material, such as but not limited to copper. The positiveterminals 115 and the negative terminals 120 can have a variety ofdifferent lengths and the particular length of the positive terminals115 and the negative terminals 120 can be selected based at least inpart on the dimensions of the capacitor module 100 and other componentsof an inverter module the positive terminals 115 and the negativeterminals 120 are to be coupled with, such as but not limited to,transistors of the inverter module.

The first portions 210, 225 or base portions 210, 225 of the positiveterminals 115 and the negative terminals 120 can be spaced apredetermined distance from each other. The predetermined distancebetween the base portions 210, 225 of the positive terminals 115 and thenegative terminals 120 can be selected based upon a desired or requiredinductance value or a desired electromagnetic interference (EMI) noisevalue. For example, the predetermined distance between the positive baseportion 210 of the positive terminals 115 and the negative base portion225 of the negative terminals 120 can be selected to reduce inductancevalue of components of the inverter module or reduce EMI noise withinthe inverter module. The positive base portion 210 of the positiveterminals 115 and the negative base portion 225 of the negativeterminals 120 can be spaced a distance of 0.8 mm to 1 mm from eachother. The distance between the positive base portion 210 of thepositive terminals 115 and the negative base portion 225 of the negativeterminals 120 can vary within or outside this range.

The second portions 215, 220 or leads 215, 220 of the positive terminals115 and the negative terminals 120 can be spaced a predetermineddistance from each other. The predetermined distance between thepositive leads 215 of the positive terminals 115 and the negative leads220 of the negative terminals 120 can be selected based upon a desiredor required inductance value or a desired electromagnetic interference(EMI) noise value. For example, the predetermined distance between thepositive leads 215 of the positive terminals 115 and the negative leads220 of the negative terminals 120 can be selected to reduce inductancevalue of components of the inverter module or reduce EMI noise withinthe inverter module. The positive leads 215 of the positive terminals115 and the negative leads 220 of the negative terminals 120 can bespaced a distance in a range from 6 mm to 10 mm (e.g., 8 mm) from eachother. The distance between the positive leads 215 of the positiveterminals 115 and the negative leads 220 of the negative terminals 120can vary within or outside this range.

The positive leads 215 of the positive terminals 115 can include apositive finger portion 170. The positive finger portion 170 can be anextension of the positive leads 215. The positive finger portion cancouple with multiple components of an inverter module. For example, thepositive finger portions 170 can be positioned or arranged such thatthey can couple with a transistor and a gate drive printed circuit board(PCB) of an inverter module. The positive finger portions 170 can have aheight in a range of 0.5 mm to 1 mm. The height of the positive fingerportions 170 can vary within or outside this range. At least one of thepositive leads 215 of the positive terminals 115 can include a positivefinger portion 170. For example, a single positive lead 215 of thepositive terminals 115 can include a positive finger portion 170 ormultiple positive leads 215 of the positive terminals 115 can includepositive finger portions 170.

The negative leads 220 of the negative terminals 120 can include anegative finger portion 170. The negative finger portion 170 can be anextension of the negative leads 220. The negative finger portion 170 cancouple with multiple components of an inverter module. For example, thenegative finger portions 170 can be positioned or arranged such thatthey can couple with a transistor and a gate drive printed circuit board(PCB) of an inverter module. The negative finger portions 170 can have aheight in a range of 0.5 mm to 1 mm. The height of the negative fingerportions 170 can vary within or outside this range. At least one of thenegative leads 220 of the negative terminals 120 can include a negativefinger portion 170. For example, a single negative lead 220 of thenegative terminals 120 can include a negative finger portion 170 ormultiple negative leads 220 of the negative terminals 120 can includenegative finger portions 170. The capacitor module 100 may include onlypositive finger portions 170 or only negative portions 170.

The number of leads 215 of the positive terminals 115 and the number ofleads 220 of the negative terminals 120 can vary and can be selectedbased in part on a number of transistors the positive leads 215 and thepositive leads 200 are to be coupled with within an inverter module. Forexample, FIG. 2 depicts eight positive leads 215 of the positiveterminals 115 and eight negative leads 220 of the negative terminals 120to couple with eight transistors. The number of leads of the capacitormodule 100 can range from six leads (e.g., six positive leads 215 andsix negative leads 220) to sixteen leads (e.g., sixteen positive leads215 and sixteen negative leads 220). The number of positive leads 215 ofthe positive terminals 115 and the number of negative leads 220 of thenegative terminals 120 can vary within or outside this range.

As depicted in FIG. 2, among others, the divider 110 can include aplurality of divider separating elements 235 formed or disposed on sidesurfaces 237 of the divider. The plurality of divider separatingelements 235 can provide electrical insulation or electrical isolationbetween the positive leads 215 of the positive terminals 115, thenegative leads 220 of the negative terminals 120 and other components ofthe inverter module, such as but not limited to, transistors coupled tothe positive leads 215 of the positive terminals 115 and the negativeleads 220 of the negative terminals 120. The divider separating elements235 can include non-conductive material, insulation material, or plasticmaterial. Each of the divider separating elements 235 can be formed atthe same height with respect to a bottom surface or bottom end border ofthe divider 110. One or more of the divider separating elements 235 canbe formed a different height with respect to a bottom surface or bottomend border of the divider 110 as compared to one or more other dividerseparating elements 235. The divider separating elements 235 can beformed at a height in a range from 18 mm to 22 mm with respect to abottom surface or bottom end border of the divider 110. The height orposition along the side surfaces of the divider 110 that the dividerseparating elements 235 are disposed at or formed at can vary within oroutside this range.

The divider 110 can include an extension portion 230 that extends beyondor above the plurality of divider separating elements 235. A height ofthe extension portion 230 with respect to a height of the dividerseparating elements 235 (e.g., a highest divider separating element 235with respect to a bottom surface or bottom end border of the divider110) can vary and can be selected based at least in part on thedimensions of the other components of an inverter module. For example,the extension portion 230 can be designed, formed or positioned suchthat it extends to, contacts or couples with transistors of the invertermodule. Therefore, the extension portion 230 can provide insulationbetween the positive leads 215 of the positive terminals 115 andnegative leads 220 of the negative terminals 120 that coupled withtransistors of the inverter module. The extension portion 230 can have aheight in a range from 1 mm to 4 mm beyond or above the height ofplurality of divider separating elements 235 are formed at with respectto a bottom surface or bottom end border of the divider 110. The heightof the extension portion 230 can vary within or outside this range. Theextension portion 230 can include non-conductive material, insulationmaterial, or plastic material.

The divider 110 can be formed or positioned such that it is at a centerportion of a first surface 107 of the capacitor housing 105. Forexample, the divider 110 can be formed such that it is disposed along acenter line of the capacitor housing 105. The position of the divider110 can vary and can be selected based at least in part on thepositioning of other components of an inverter module. For example, theposition of the divider 110 can be positioned along a left portion ofthe first surface 107 of the capacitor housing 105, along a rightportion of the first surface 107 of the capacitor housing 105 or apredetermined distance from a center line of the first surface 107 ofthe capacitor housing 105. The particular position of the divider 110along the first surface 107 of the capacitor housing 105 can be selectedbased at least in part on packaging demands.

FIG. 3, among others, depicts a cross-sectional view of a power module300. The power module 300 can include a capacitor module 100 having acapacitor housing 105, a plurality of positive terminals 115, aplurality of negative terminals 120, and a divider 110 disposed betweenthe plurality of positive terminals 115 and the plurality of negativeterminals 120. The power module 300 can be one power module of amultiple phase inverter module (e.g., inverter module 450 of FIG. 4)disposed within a drive train unit of an electric vehicle (e.g.,electric vehicle 405 of FIG. 4) to power the respective electricvehicle. For example, the power module 300 can couple with two otherpower modules 300 in a triplet configuration to form a three-phaseinverter module (e.g., inverter module 450 of FIG. 4). Each of the powermodules 300 can be formed having the same components and dimensions toprovide inverter functionality based at least in part on the modulardesign (e.g., ease of assembly) and ability to be adapted for a varietyof different inverter applications. The power module 300 can be formedhaving a length in a range from 220 mm to 230 mm. The power module 300can be formed having a width in a range from 80 mm to 90 mm. The powermodule 300 can be formed having a height in a range from 60 mm to 70 mm.The dimensions and size of the power modules 300 described herein canvary outside these ranges.

As depicted in the example of FIG. 3, the power module 300 can includeat least one capacitor module 100. The capacitor module 100 includes acapacitor housing 105, a plurality of positive terminals 115, aplurality of negative terminals 120, and a divider 110 disposed betweenthe plurality of positive terminals 115 and the plurality of negativeterminals 120.

The power module 300 can include at least one heat sink 305 having afirst surface (e.g., top surface) and a second surface (e.g., bottomsurface). The second surface of the heat sink 305 can be coupled with,disposed over or otherwise in contact with the first surface of thecapacitor module 100. For example, the positive terminals 115, thenegative terminals 120, and the divider 110 can extend through an inneropen region of the heat sink 305. The heat sink 305 can include avariety of different materials, such as but not limited to, conductivematerial, metal material, metallic material or aluminum. The heat sink305 can provide active cooling to the capacitor module 100. For example,the heat sink 305 can be disposed proximate to at least one surface,here the first surface (e.g., top surface) of the capacitor module 100and the heat sink 305 can provide active cooling to the first surface ofthe capacitor module 100. For example, the heat sink 305 can have ashape that defines one or more cooling channels formed within the heatsink 305. The cooling channels can receive and be shaped to allowcoolant to flow through the heat sink 305 such that the heat sink 305can provide active cooling to components and electronics (e.g.,capacitor module 100, transistors 315) disposed proximate to surfaces ofthe heat sink 305.

The heat sink 305 can have a length in a range from 200 mm to 225 mm(e.g., 215 mm). The heat sink 305 can have a height (e.g., thickness) ina range from 5 mm to 20 mm (e.g., 10 mm). The heat sink 305 can have awidth in a range from 45 mm to 65 mm (e.g., 52 mm). The length, height,and width of the heat sink 305 can vary within and outside these ranges.The heat sink 305 can be disposed within the power module 300 such thatthe heat sink 305 surrounds, is disposed about, or disposed around aportion of terminals 115, 120 of the capacitor module 100 that couplewith transistors (e.g., transistors 315) of the power module 300. Forexample, the heat sink 305 can include an aperture 307 (e.g., hole,orifice) formed in a middle portion of the heat sink 305. The capacitormodule 100 can couple with the heat sink 305 such that the divider 110,positive terminals 115, and negative terminals 120 extend through theaperture 307 of the heat sink 305. Thus, the heat sink 305 can bepositioned such that it surrounds surfaces of the divider 110, positiveterminals 115, and negative terminals 120 to provide active cooling tothe divider 110, positive terminals 115, negative terminals 120, andtransistors. For example, in operation, the capacitor module 100 cangenerate heat and may not receive enough cooling (e.g., passive cooling,active cooling). The heat generation inside the capacitor module 100 canreduce the life of the respective capacitor module 100 if not properlydissipated. Further, the capacitor module 100 may be the largestcomponent of the power module 300 and therefore can be difficult toinstall or dispose within the power module 300. The capacitor module 100can be the heaviest component of the power module 300 and therefore canbe prone to damage caused by vibration, such as but not limited to, whenthe electric vehicle is in motion. Thus, the capacitor modules 100described herein can include one or more components to provide activecooling (e.g., heat sink 305), passive cooling, enable the respectivecapacitor module 100 to be easily coupled with or disposed within thepower module 300 and reduce vibration or reduce an impact of vibrationon the capacitor module 100 when, for example, an electric vehicle is inmotion.

The heat sink 305 can be positioned such that cool surfaces and coolantflowing through the heat sink 305 are disposed closer to theseelectrical components. Thus, the heat sink 305 can provide activecooling to each of the capacitor module 100, the positive terminals 115,the negative terminals 120 and transistors of the power module 300 toreduce inductance value in the power module 300 and reduce EMI noise inthe inverter module. The heat sink aperture 307 can have a width in arange from 10 mm to 20 mm (e.g., 12 mm). The heat sink aperture 307 canhave a length in a range from 140 mm to 120 mm (e.g., 150 mm). The heatsink aperture 307 can have a height (or depth) in a range from 3 mm to15 mm (e.g., 4 mm, 8 mm). The width, length, or height of the heat sinkaperture 307 can vary within or outside these ranges.

The power module 300 can include one or more ceramic plates 310 coupledto, disposed over or otherwise in contact with the first surface of theheat sink 305. For example, and as depicted in FIG. 3, the power module300 can include first and second ceramic plates 310. Each of the firstand second ceramic plates 310 can include a first surface (e.g., topsurface) and a second surface (e.g., bottom surface). Each of the secondsurfaces of the first and second ceramic plates 310 can couple with, bedisposed over or otherwise in contact with the first surface of the heatsink 305. The ceramic plates 310 can insulate the heat sink 305 from oneor transistors (e.g., transistors 315) disposed within the power module300. The ceramic plates 310 may include ceramic based material and canelectrically insulate the heat sink 305 from transistors (e.g.,transistors 315) disposed within the power module 300. For example, theceramic plates 310 can prevent a short circuit condition between theheat sink 305 and the transistors (e.g., transistors 315) disposedwithin the power module 300. The ceramic plates 310 can have a length ina range from 150 mm to 225 mm. The ceramic plates 310 can have a widthin a range from 15 mm to 35 mm. The ceramic plates 310 have a height (orthickness) in a range from 0.5 mm to 2 mm.

The power module 300 can include a plurality of transistors 315. Theplurality of transistors 315 can couple with, be disposed over orotherwise in contact with the first surface of the ceramic plates 310.Each of the transistors 315 can include a plurality of leads 320. Thetransistors 315 can include discrete insulated-gate bipolar transistors(IGBT's), IGBT semiconductor dies, TO-247 transistors, or TO-247discreet IGBT packages (e.g., TO-247 transistors, switches). Each of thetransistors 315 can include one or more leads 320. For example, each ofthe transistors 315 may include three leads 320. Each of the three leads320 can corresponds to at least one of the terminals of the transistor315. For example, a first lead 320 can correspond to the base terminalor base lead. A second lead 320 can correspond to the collector terminalor collector lead. A third lead 320 can correspond to the emitterterminal or emitter lead. The leads 320 can have a generally straight orunbent shape. When the transistors 315 are fully coupled within thepower module 300, the leads 320 can be bent, shaped or otherwisemanipulated to couple with a respective one or more components (e.g.,gate drive PCB 350, capacitor module 100) within the power module 300.For example, the leads 320 can be formed such that they extendperpendicular with respect to a first surface (e.g., top surface) of thetransistors 315. For example, the leads 320 can be formed such that theyhave a bent shape and extend up with respect to a first surface (e.g.,top surface) of the transistors 315.

The plurality of transistors 315 can be organized in a predeterminedarrangement. For example, the plurality of transistors 315 can bedisposed in one or more rows having multiple transistors 315 and therows can be disposed such that the leads 320 of each of the transistors315 are proximate to or adjacent to each other to allow for ease ofcoupling with components (e.g., gate drive PCB 160) of the power module300. For example, a first plurality of transistors 315 can be arrangedin a first row and a second plurality of transistors 315 can be arrangedin a second row. Each of the rows of transistors 315 may include thesame number of transistors or the rows of transistors 315 may include adifferent number of transistors 315. The transistors 315 in the same rowcan be positioned such that one or more side edges are in contact with aside edge of a single transistor 315 or two transistors 315 of the samerow (e.g., one transistor 315 on each side). Thus, the transistors 315can be arranged in a uniformed row along the first surface of theceramic plates 310. The first plurality of transistors 315 can be spacedfrom the second plurality of transistors 315. The first plurality oftransistors 315 can be evenly spaced or symmetrically from the secondplurality of transistors 315 with respect to the first surface of theceramic plates 310. For example, each of the transistors 315 in thefirst plurality of transistors 315 can be spaced the same distance froma corresponding transistor 315 of the second plurality of transistors315. The first plurality of transistors 315 can be asymmetrically spacedfrom the second plurality of transistors 315 with respect to the firstsurface of the ceramic plates 310. For example, one or more of thetransistors 315 in the first plurality of transistors 315 can be spaceddifferent distances from corresponding transistors 315 of the secondplurality of transistors 315. The one or more of the transistors 315 inthe first plurality of transistors 315 can be spaced with respect toeach other with a pitch (e.g., center to center spacing) in a range from15 mm to 20 mm (e.g., 17.5 mm). The one or more of the transistors 315in the second plurality of transistors 315 can be spaced with respect toeach other with a pitch (e.g., center to center spacing) in a range from15 mm to 20 mm (e.g., 17.5 mm). The one or more of the transistors 315in the first plurality of transistors 315 can be spaced with respect tothe one or more transistors 315 in the second plurality of transistors315 in a range from 10 mm to 20 mm (e.g., 14 mm).

The power module 300 can include at least one temperature sensor 325such as at least one transistor temperature sensing printed circuitboard (PCB) 325. The transistor temperature sensing PCB 325 can includecontrol electronics to communicate or monitor temperatures of differentcomponents of the power module 300, such as but not limited totransistors 315. For example, the transistor temperature sensing PCB 325can be disposed proximate to the plurality of transistors 315 to providetemperature data corresponding to the plurality of transistors 315. Forexample, the transistor temperature sensing PCB 325 can be disposedbetween the ceramic plates 310 and the plurality of transistors 315 orbetween the heat sink 305 and the ceramic plates 310. The transistortemperature sensing PCB 325 can collect or retrieve temperature datacorresponding to the plurality of transistors 315. The transistortemperature sensing PCB 325 can collect or retrieve temperature datacorresponding to individual transistors 315, groups of transistors 315or all of the plurality of transistors 315 collectively. For example,the temperature sensing can be extrapolated to predict IGBT junctiontemperatures. The transistor temperature sensing PCB 325 may bepositioned such that it is compressed and sealed against a pocket ofgrease on the ceramic, adjacent to the transistors 315. For example, thetransistor temperature sensing PCB 325 can be disposed a distance fromthe transistors 315 that ranges from 0 mm (e.g., in contact) to 2 mm.The distance between the transistor temperature sensing PCB 325 can varyoutside these ranges.

The power module 300 can include a locator 330 (which can also bereferred to herein as a locator guide or locator frame). The locator 330can include a first surface (e.g., top surface) and a second surface(e.g., bottom surface). The second surface of the locator 330 can couplewith, be disposed over or in contact with the first surface of theceramic plates 310 or the heat sink 305. The locator 330 can includenon-conductive material or plastic material. The locator 330 can have alength in a range from 200 mm to 225 mm (e.g., 215 mm). The locator 330can have a height (e.g., thickness) in a range from 5 mm to 20 mm (e.g.,10 mm). The locator 330 can have a width in a range from 45 mm to 65 mm(e.g., 52 mm). The length, height, and width of the locator 330 can varywithin and outside these ranges. The locator 330 can includes aplurality of slots 332 (e.g., apertures, holes, recesses) formed in aframe of the locator 330 to hold or couple various components of thepower module 300 in place. The locator 330 can include the plurality ofslots 332 to hold or couple with the transistors 315. At least ontransistor 315 of the plurality of transistors 315 can be disposed orcoupled with at least one slot 332 of the locator 330.

A plurality of clips 335 can couple the transistors 315 with the locator330 (e.g., hold the transistors 315 in the slots 332 of the locator330). For example, each of the plurality of transistors 315 can bedisposed within at least one slot 332 of the locator 330 and the clips335 can include spring clips that couple onto a side portion of thelocator 330 and the transistors 315 to hold or compress the transistors315 within a respective slot 332 to hold the transistors 315 in placeand in contact with the locator 330. Fasteners 357 may be used to couplethe transistors 315 with the locator 330. The locator 330 can include aplastic locator or plastic material.

The slots 332 of the locator 330 can include apertures, holes, recessesformed in a frame of the locator 330. The slots 332 can have varyingshapes, sizes and dimensions and the shapes, sizes and dimensions of aparticular slot 332 can be selected based at least in part on the shape,size or dimension of a component of the power module 300. For example,the locator 330 may include slots 332 for transistors 315, fasteners,clips, thermistors or thermal pads. The transistors slots have agenerally rectangular shape which can be selected based on theparticular transistor 315 to be used in the power module 300. Thefastener slots can have a generally round shape and may include athreaded inner surface to couple with a threaded portion of a fastener.The thermistor slots can have a generally round shape. The power module300 may include only one thermistor, thus only one thermistor slot maybe used. However, two thermistor slots can be formed to providedsymmetry and ease of manufacture. For example, having two thermistorslots can allow for the locator 330 to be rotated and a thermistor ofthe power module 300 can be disposed within either thermistor slot. Thelocator 330 can be formed having any number of slots 332, and the numberof slots 332 can be selected based at least on the type of components ofthe power module 300. For example, the total number of slots 332 formedin the locator 330 can range from eight slots 332 to twenty four slots332.

The locator 330 can operate as a guide or frame for a manufactureprocess of the power module 300, such as during a pick and placeautomation process, to increase an efficiency of the manufactureprocess. For example, the locator 330 can keep different components orparts of the power module 300 from moving around during manufactureresulting in a reducing an amount of fixturing (e.g., identifying andmoving parts to correct locations) during the manufacture process. Thepower module 300 can be formed faster and more efficiently using thelocator 330 as a guide for an automation device (e.g., pick and placeautomation machinery). The locator 330 can reduce the amount of humaninteraction with a particular manufacture process and therefore, thepower module 300 can be formed using just the pick and place machineryand a grease dispenser device (or other form of fluid device).

The power module 300 can include a laminated bus bar 340. The laminatedbus bar 340 can include a first surface (e.g., top surface) and a secondsurface (e.g., bottom surface). The second surface of the laminated busbar 340 can couple with, be disposed over or in contact with the firstsurface of the locator 330 and portions of the first surface of thetransistors 315 disposed in the slots 332 of the locator 330. The leads320 of the transistors 315 can couple with portions of the laminated busbar 340. For example, the laminated bus bar 340 can include a pluralityof leads 347. Each of the plurality of leads 347 of the laminated busbar 340 can couple with at least one lead 320 of the plurality oftransistors 315. For example, at least two leads 347 of the laminatedbus bar 340 can couple with at least two leads 320 of a transistor 315of the plurality of transistors 315. The laminated bus bar 340 can havea length in a range from 200 mm to 225 mm. The laminated bus bar 340 canhave a height (e.g., thickness) in a range from 5 mm to 20 mm. Thelaminated bus bar 340 can have a width in a range from 45 mm to 65 mm.The length, height, and width of the laminated bus bar 340 can varywithin and outside these ranges. The laminated bus bar 340 can includeor conductive material, such as but not limited to copper.

The laminated bus bar 340 can include includes two input terminals 342,344 (e.g., positive input terminal and negative input terminal) disposedat or along a first side and an output terminal 345 disposed at asecond, different side of the laminated bus bar 340. For example, thetwo input terminals 342, 344 can be disposed at an opposite or opposingside as compared to the output terminal 345. The first and second inputterminals 342, 344 can include conductive material, such as but notlimited to copper. The first and second input terminals 342, 344 can beformed in a variety of different shapes to accommodate coupling with aninverter bus bar (e.g., positive bus bar, negative bus bar). The firstand second input terminals 342, 344 can have or include a straightshape, or a curved or bent shape. For example, the first and secondinput terminals 342, 344 can include a first portion that is parallelwith respect to a first surface (e.g., top surface) of the laminated busbar 340 and a second portion that is perpendicular with respect to thefirst surface of the laminated bus bar 340. The first input terminal 342can couple with a positive inverter bus-bar (not shown) to receive apositive voltage and provide the positive voltage to the power module300. The second input terminal 344 can couple with a negative bus-bar(not shown) to receive a negative voltage and provide the negativevoltage to the power module 300. The first input terminal 342 can bedisposed at a different level or height with respect to the side surfaceof the laminated bus bar 340 as compared with the second input terminal344. For example, the first input terminal 342 can be disposed at firstlevel or first height and the second input terminal 344 can be disposedat a second level or second height. The first level or first height canbe greater than the second level or the second height. The first levelor first height can be less than the second level or the second height.

The output terminal 345 can include conductive material, such as but notlimited to copper. The output terminal 345 can be formed in a variety ofdifferent shapes to accommodate coupling with a inverter phase bus bar(not shown). The output terminal 345 can be formed having a straightshape, or a curved or bent shape. For example, the output terminal 345can include a first portion that is parallel with respect to a firstsurface (e.g., top surface) of the laminated bus bar 340 and a secondportion that is perpendicular with respect to the first surface of thelaminated bus bar 340. The output terminal 345 can couple with a phasebus-bar (not shown) to provide power generated by the power module 300to other electrical components of an electric vehicle.

The power module 300 can include a gate drive printed circuit board(PCB) 350. The gate drive PCB 350 can include a first surface (e.g., topsurface) and a second surface (e.g., bottom surface). The second surfaceof gate drive PCB 350 can couple with, be disposed over or in contactwith the first surface of the laminated bus bar 340. The gate drive PCB350 can include control electronics to control one or more components ofthe power module 300 or communication electronics to communicate withand receive from or transmit signals to a control board of an invertermodule. The gate drive PCB 350 can include control electronics and cangenerate and provide control signals to the transistors 315. Forexample, the leads 320 of the transistors 315 can extend through thelocator 330 and the laminated bus bar 340 to couple with a portion orsurface of the gate drive PCB 350. The gate drive PCB 350 can generatecontrol signals, for example, to turn one or more of transistors 315 onor off, open or close. The gate drive PCB 350 can have a length in arange from 140 mm to 220 mm. The gate drive PCB 350 can have a height(e.g., thickness) in a range from 5 mm to 10 mm. The gate drive PCB 350can have a width in a range from 60 mm to 100 mm. The length, height,and width of the gate drive PCB 350 can vary within and outside theseranges.

The power module 300 can include a dielectric gel tray 355. Thedielectric gel tray 355 can include a first surface (e.g., top surface),a second surface (e.g., bottom surface) and can define an inner regionthat includes the second surface. The second surface of the dielectricgel tray 355 can couple with, be disposed over or contact the gate drivePCB 350. The dielectric gel tray 355 can couple with the capacitormodule 100 though one or more fasteners 357. For example, the dielectricgel tray 355 can form a housing that is disposed over the gate drive PCB350, laminated bus bar 340, locator 330, transistors 315, transistortemperature sensing PCB 325, the ceramic plates 310, the heat sink 305such that that each of the gate drive PCB 350, laminated bus bar 340,locator 330, transistors 315, transistor temperature sensing PCB 325,the ceramic plates 310, and the heat sink 305 are disposed within theinner region defined by the dielectric gel tray 355 and thus covered bythe dielectric gel tray 355 when the dielectric gel tray 355 is coupledwith the capacitor module 100. For example, the dielectric gel tray 355can include or be formed having an inner region that covers, submerges,or can be disposed about multiple components of the power module 300.

The dielectric gel tray 355 (e.g., potting compound container) caninclude poly carbon material, or other forms of high temperatureplastic. The dielectric gel tray 355 can be formed using variousinjection molded techniques. The dielectric gel tray 355 can be disposedover one or more components of the power module 300 and operate as aninsulator for the components (e.g., electronics) of the power module300. The gel tray 355 can be formed having a length in a range from 160mm to 240 mm. The gel tray 355 can be formed having a width in a rangefrom 80 mm to 90 mm. The gel tray 355 can be formed having a height in arange from 40 mm to 60 mm. The dimensions and size of the gel tray 355can vary within or outside these ranges.

The gel tray 355 includes one or more capacitive orifices 360. Thecapacitive orifices 360 can be used as inputs or outputs for the powermodule 300. For example, the capacitive orifices 360 can be formed as ahole or an access point to couple a power supply (e.g., DC power supply)to the power module 300. The gel tray 355 can include a first capacitiveorifice 360 that couples the first input terminal 342 of the laminatedbus bar 340 with a positive bus bar to provide a positive power supplyto the power module 300. The gel tray 355 can include a secondcapacitive orifice 360 that couples the second input terminal 344 of thelaminated bus bar 340 with a negative bus bar to provide a negativepower supply to the power module 300. The gel tray 355 can include athird capacitive orifice 360 that couples the output terminal 345 of thelaminated bus bar 340 with a phase bus bar to provide an output voltagegenerated by the power module 300 to other components of an electricvehicle. For example, capacitive orifices 360 can be formed as a hole oran access point to provide a power (e.g., voltage) generated by thepower module 300 to other systems, such as a drive train unit of anelectric vehicle.

FIG. 4 depicts an example cross-section view 400 of an electric vehicle405 installed with a battery pack 410. The battery pack 410 can includean inverter module 450 having three power modules 300. Each of the powermodules 300 can include at least one capacitor module 100. For example,each of the power modules 300 can generate a single phase power and canbe coupled in a triplet configuration within the inverter module 450 togenerate three phase power for the electric vehicle 405. The batterypack 410 can correspond to a drive train unit 410 of the electricvehicle 405. For example, the battery pack 410 can be disposed within orbe a component of a drive train unit 410. The drive train unit 410 (andthe battery pack 410) can provide power to the electric vehicle 405. Forexample, the drive train unit 410 may include components of the electricvehicle 405 that generate or provide power to drive the wheels or movethe electric vehicle 405. The drive train unit 410 can be a component ofan electric vehicle drive system. The electric vehicle drive system cantransmit or provide power to different components of the electricvehicle 405. For example, the electric vehicle drive train system cantransmit power from the battery pack 410 or drive train unit 410 to anaxle or wheels of the electric vehicle 405.

The electric vehicle 405 can include an autonomous, semi-autonomous, ornon-autonomous human operated vehicle. The electric vehicle 405 caninclude a hybrid vehicle that operates from on-board electric sourcesand from gasoline or other power sources. The electric vehicle 405 caninclude automobiles, cars, trucks, passenger vehicles, industrialvehicles, motorcycles, and other transport vehicles. The electricvehicle 405 can include a chassis 415 (sometimes referred to herein as aframe, internal frame, or support structure). The chassis 415 cansupport various components of the electric vehicle 405. The chassis 415can span a front portion 420 (e.g., a hood or bonnet portion), a bodyportion 425, and a rear portion 430 (e.g., a trunk portion) of theelectric vehicle 405. The front portion 420 can include the portion ofthe electric vehicle 405 from the front bumper to the front wheel wellof the electric vehicle 405. The body portion 425 can include theportion of the electric vehicle 405 from the front wheel well to theback wheel well of the electric vehicle 405. The rear portion 430 caninclude the portion of the electric vehicle 405 from the back wheel wellto the back bumper of the electric vehicle 405.

The battery pack 410 that includes the inverter module 450 having thethree power modules 300 can be installed or placed within the electricvehicle 405. The battery pack 410 can include or couple with a powerconverter component. The battery pack 410 can be installed on thechassis 415 of the electric vehicle 405 within the front portion 420,the body portion 425 (as depicted in FIG. 4), or the rear portion 430.The battery pack 410 can couple with a first bus bar 435 and a secondbus bar 440 that are connected or otherwise electrically coupled withother electrical components of the electric vehicle 405 to provideelectrical power from the battery pack 410. For example, each of thepower modules 300 can couple with the first bus-bar 435 and the secondbus bar 440 to provide electrical power from the battery pack 410 toother electrical components of the electric vehicle 405.

FIG. 5, among, others, depicts a method 500 for providing a capacitormodule 100 of an inverter module 450 of an electric vehicle 405. Forexample, at least one capacitor module 100 can be disposed within eachpower module 300 that are coupled together to form the inverter module450. The method 500 can include providing a capacitor (ACT 505). Forexample, method 500 an include providing a capacitor housing 105 of acapacitor module 100. The capacitor housing 105 can be formed usingplastic material or non-conductive material. The capacitor housing 105can form the base or outer surface of the capacitor module. For example,one or more capacitive elements can be disposed within the capacitorhousing 105, such as but not limited to, a single capacitor film roll ormultiple capacitor film rolls (e.g., three to four capacitor filmrolls). The capacitor film rolls can be coupled with positive terminalsand the negative terminals within the capacitor housing 105 through oneor more tabs. The capacitor film rolls and thus the capacitor module 100can have a capacitance value of 200-400 nanofarads (nF), e.g., 300 nF.The capacitance value can vary within or outside this range.

The method 500 can include coupling positive terminals 115 (ACT 510).For example, the method 500 can include coupling a plurality of positiveterminals 115 with a first surface 107 of the capacitor housing 105 suchthat the plurality of positive terminals 115 extend from the firstsurface 107 at a first angle. Coupling the positive terminals 115 caninclude welding a portion of each of the positive terminals 115 to thecapacitor housing 105 or to a positive bus bar within the capacitorhousing 105. The positive terminals 115 can be welded to the positivebase portion 205. The welding or connection techniques can vary and mayinclude, but not limited to, resistive welding. The first angle canrange from 45 degrees to 135 degrees with respect to the first surface107 (e.g., top surface) of the capacitor housing 105. For example, thefirst angle can include 90 degrees (e.g., perpendicular) with respect tothe first surface 107 of the capacitor housing 105. The positiveterminals 115 can be formed from conductive material, such as but notlimited to copper. The positive terminals 115 can couple with thecapacitor housing 105 such that a portion of each of the positiveterminals 115 extends into an inner region formed by the capacitorhousing 105 can couples with capacitive elements within the capacitorhousing 105. The positive terminals 115 can couple with or correspond toleads or terminals of a positive bus bar of the capacitor module 100.

The method 500 can include coupling negative terminals 120 (ACT 515).For example, the method 500 can include coupling a plurality of negativeterminals 120 with the first surface 107 of the capacitor housing 105such that the plurality of negative terminals 120 extend from the firstsurface 107 at the first angle. Coupling the negative terminals 120 caninclude welding a portion of each of the negative terminals 120 to thecapacitor housing 105 or to a negative bus bar within the capacitorhousing 105. The negative terminals 120 can be welded to the negativebase portion 215. The welding or connection techniques can vary and mayinclude, but not limited to, resistive welding. The negative terminals120 can extend from the first surface 107 of the capacitor housing 105at the same angle as compared to the positive terminals 115 or thenegative terminals 120 can extend from the first surface 107 of thecapacitor housing 105 at a different angle as compared to the positiveterminals 115. The negative terminals 120 can be formed from conductivematerial, such as but not limited to copper. The negative terminals 115can couple with the capacitor housing 105 such that a portion of each ofthe negative terminals 115 extends into an inner region formed by thecapacitor housing 105 can couples with capacitive elements within thecapacitor housing 105. The negative positive terminals 115 can couplewith or correspond to leads or terminals of a negative bus bar of thecapacitor module 100.

The method 500 can include disposing a divider 110 (ACT 520). Forexample, the method 500 can include disposing a divider 110 between theplurality of positive terminals 115 and the plurality of negativeterminals 120. Disposing the divider 110 can include welding the divider110 to the first surface 107 of the capacitor housing 105. The weldingor connection techniques can vary and may include, but not limited to,resistive welding. The divider 110 can couple with the first surface 107of the capacitor housing 105. The divider 110 can electrically isolatethe plurality of positive terminals 115 from the plurality of negativeterminals 120. For example, the divider 110 can be formed usingnon-conductive material, insulation material, or plastic material.

Disposing the divider 110 can include forming a plurality of separatingelements 235 on a first side surface 237 of the divider 110 and forminga plurality of separating elements 235 on a second side surface 237 ofthe divider. For example, separating elements 235 can be formed on eachside surface 237 of the divider 110 to space the positive terminals 115form each other and space the negative terminals 120 from each other.The positive terminals 115 can couple with or be disposed next to afirst side surface 237 of the divider 110. At least one separatingelement 235 can be positioned between each pair of positive terminals115 to electrically insulate the respective positive terminals 115 fromeach other. The negative terminals 120 can couple with or be disposednext to a second side surface 237 (e.g., opposing surface that thepositive terminals 115 are coupled with) of the divider 110. At leastone separating element 235 can be positioned between each pair ofnegative terminals 120 to electrically insulate the respective negativeterminals 120 from each other. The separating elements 235 can be formedusing non-conductive material, such as but not limited to, plasticmaterial. The separating elements 235 can be formed having a uniformspacing with respect to each other along the first side surface 237 andthe second side surface 237 of the divider 110. The spacing orarrangement of the separating elements 235 can be selected based in parton the dimensions of the positive terminals 115 or negative terminals120.

Disposing the divider 110 can include coupling an extension portion 230with the divider 110. The extension portion 230 can be disposed betweenthe plurality of positive terminals 115 and the plurality of negativeterminals 120 to electrically insulate the plurality of positiveterminals 115 from the plurality of negative terminals 120. Theextension portion 230 can be a region of or component of the divider110. For example, the extension portion 230 can correspond to a topportion of the divider 110. The extension portion 230 can be a separatecomponent coupled with a top portion of the divider 110. The extensionportion 230 can be formed such that it extends perpendicular withrespect to a first surface 107 (e.g., top surface) of the capacitorhousing 105. For example, the extension portion 230 can extend at thesame angle as the divider 110 with respect to the first surface 107 ofthe housing 105. The extension portion 230 can be formed usingnon-conductive material, such as but not limited, to plastic material.

Disposing the divider 110 can include coupling a first divider supportmember 140 with a first edge surface 112 or first side surface 112 ofthe divider 110 to hold the plurality of positive terminals 115 and theplurality of negative terminals 120. Disposing the divider 110 caninclude coupling a second divider support member 140 with a second edgesurface 114 or second side surface 114 of the divider 110 to hold theplurality of positive terminals 115 and the plurality of negativeterminals 120. Support members 140 can be formed on each edge surface112, 114 (e.g., opposing ends of the divider 110) to couple the positiveterminals 115 and the negative terminals 120 with the divider or to holdthe positive terminals 115 and the negative terminals 120 in place. Thesupport members 140 can be formed using non-conductive material, such asbut not limited to, plastic material. The supports members 140 cancouple with the edge surfaces 112, 114 using an adhesive layer oradhesive material. For example, the support members 140 can be glued,cemented or pasted with edge surfaces 112, 114 of the divider 110.

The method 500 can include forming mounting holes 125 (ACT 525). Forexample, the method 500 can include forming a plurality of mountingholes 125 on an outer surface of the capacitor housing 105. One or moremounting holes 125 can be formed on the capacitor housing 105 to aid incoupling the capacitor housing 105 with other components of a powermodule 300. For example, the mounting holes 125 can couple with mountingfeet or other connection points of a gel tray of the power module 300.The mounting holes 125 can include or be formed as connection points onone or more portions on the capacitor housing 105. The mounting holes125 can include holes, orifices, or hollow portions formed through oneor more portions of the capacitor housing 105. For example, the mountingholes 125 can be formed by creating a hole completely though a portionof the capacitor housing 105 or may be formed by creating a hole havinga certain depth into a surface of the capacitor housing 105. Themounting holes 125 can be formed having a threaded inner surface toreceive or engage a threaded outer surface of a fastener, screw or bolt.The mounting holes 125 can be formed having a round shape, sphericalshape, rectangular shape, octagonal shape, or other shape.

Providing the capacitor module 100 can include disposing a capacitormodule 100 in an inverter module 450 of a drive train unit of anelectric vehicle 405. For example, at least one capacitor module 100 canbe disposed within a power module 300. One or more power modules 300 canbe disposed within an inverter module 450 of a drive train unit. Forexample, three power modules 300, each having at least one capacitormodule 100, can be coupled together in a triplet configuration anddisposed within an inverter module 450 to form a three phase invertermodule 450. The inverter module 450 can be disposed within a drive trainunit or a battery pack 410 of an electric vehicle 405. The drive trainunit or the battery pack 410 can include a single inverter module 450 ormultiple inverter modules 450. Providing the capacitor module 100 caninclude providing the capacitor module 100 in an inverter module 450 ofa drive train unit or battery pack 410. The drive train unit, having theinverter module 450, or the battery pack 410, having the inverter module450, can be provided in the electric vehicle 405.

FIG. 6, among others, depicts a method 600 for providing a capacitormodule 100 of an inverter module 450 of an electric vehicle 405. Themethod 600 can include providing a capacitor 100 (ACT 605). For example,method 600 can include proving a capacitor module 100 of an invertermodule 450 of an electric vehicle 405. The capacitor module 100 caninclude a capacitor housing 105. The capacitor module 100 can include aplurality of positive terminals 115 coupled with a first surface 107 ofthe capacitor housing 105 and extending from the first surface 107 at afirst angle. The capacitor module 100 can include a plurality ofnegative terminals 120 coupled with the first surface 107 of thecapacitor housing 105 and extending from the first surface 107 at thefirst angle. The capacitor module 100 can include a divider 110 coupledwith the first surface 107 of the capacitor housing 105. The divider 110can be disposed between the plurality of positive terminals 115 and theplurality of negative terminals 120. The divider can electricallyisolate the plurality of positive terminals 115 from the plurality ofnegative terminals 120. The capacitor module 100 can include a pluralityof mounting holes 125 formed on an outer surface of the capacitorhousing 105.

While acts or operations may be depicted in the drawings or described ina particular order, such operations are not required to be performed inthe particular order shown or described, or in sequential order, and alldepicted or described operations are not required to be performed.Actions described herein can be performed in different orders.

Having now described some illustrative implementations, it is apparentthat the foregoing is illustrative and not limiting, having beenpresented by way of example. Features that are described herein in thecontext of separate implementations can also be implemented incombination in a single embodiment or implementation. Features that aredescribed in the context of a single implementation can also beimplemented in multiple implementations separately or in varioussub-combinations. References to implementations or elements or acts ofthe systems and methods herein referred to in the singular may alsoembrace implementations including a plurality of these elements, and anyreferences in plural to any implementation or element or act herein mayalso embrace implementations including only a single element. Referencesin the singular or plural form are not intended to limit the presentlydisclosed systems or methods, their components, acts, or elements tosingle or plural configurations. References to any act or element beingbased on any act or element may include implementations where the act orelement is based at least in part on any act or element.

The phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose ofdescription and should not be regarded as limiting. The use of“including” “comprising” “having” “containing” “involving”“characterized by” “characterized in that” and variations thereofherein, is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter, equivalentsthereof, and additional items, as well as alternate implementationsconsisting of the items listed thereafter exclusively. In oneimplementation, the systems and methods described herein consist of one,each combination of more than one, or all of the described elements,acts, or components.

Any references to implementations or elements or acts of the systems andmethods herein referred to in the singular can include implementationsincluding a plurality of these elements, and any references in plural toany implementation or element or act herein can include implementationsincluding only a single element. References in the singular or pluralform are not intended to limit the presently disclosed systems ormethods, their components, acts, or elements to single or pluralconfigurations. References to any act or element being based on anyinformation, act or element may include implementations where the act orelement is based at least in part on any information, act, or element.

Any implementation disclosed herein may be combined with any otherimplementation or embodiment, and references to “an implementation,”“some implementations,” “one implementation” or the like are notnecessarily mutually exclusive and are intended to indicate that aparticular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connectionwith the implementation may be included in at least one implementationor embodiment. Such terms as used herein are not necessarily allreferring to the same implementation. Any implementation may be combinedwith any other implementation, inclusively or exclusively, in any mannerconsistent with the aspects and implementations disclosed herein.

References to “or” may be construed as inclusive so that any termsdescribed using “or” may indicate any of a single, more than one, andall of the described terms. References to at least one of a conjunctivelist of terms may be construed as an inclusive OR to indicate any of asingle, more than one, and all of the described terms. For example, areference to “at least one of ‘A’ and ‘B’” can include only ‘A’, only‘B’, as well as both ‘A’ and ‘B’. Such references used in conjunctionwith “comprising” or other open terminology can include additionalitems.

Where technical features in the drawings, detailed description or anyclaim are followed by reference signs, the reference signs have beenincluded to increase the intelligibility of the drawings, detaileddescription, and claims. Accordingly, neither the reference signs northeir absence have any limiting effect on the scope of any claimelements.

Modifications of described elements and acts such as variations insizes, dimensions, structures, shapes and proportions of the variouselements, values of parameters, mounting arrangements, use of materials,colors, orientations can occur without materially departing from theteachings and advantages of the subject matter disclosed herein. Forexample, elements shown as integrally formed can be constructed ofmultiple parts or elements, the position of elements can be reversed orotherwise varied, and the nature or number of discrete elements orpositions can be altered or varied. Other substitutions, modifications,changes and omissions can also be made in the design, operatingconditions and arrangement of the disclosed elements and operationswithout departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

The systems and methods described herein may be embodied in otherspecific forms without departing from the characteristics thereof. Forexample the voltage across terminals of battery cells can be greaterthan 5V. The foregoing implementations are illustrative rather thanlimiting of the described systems and methods. Scope of the systems andmethods described herein is thus indicated by the appended claims,rather than the foregoing description, and changes that come within themeaning and range of equivalency of the claims are embraced therein.

Systems and methods described herein may be embodied in other specificforms without departing from the characteristics thereof. For example,descriptions of positive and negative electrical characteristics may bereversed. For example, elements described as negative polarity elementscan instead be configured as positive polarity elements and elementsdescribed as positive polarity elements can instead be configured asnegative polarity elements. Further relative parallel, perpendicular,vertical or other positioning or orientation descriptions includevariations within +/−10% or +/−10 degrees of pure vertical, parallel orperpendicular positioning. References to “approximately,” “about”“substantially” or other terms of degree include variations of +/−10%from the given measurement, unit, or range unless explicitly indicatedotherwise. Coupled elements can be electrically, mechanically, orphysically coupled with one another directly or with interveningelements. Scope of the systems and methods described herein is thusindicated by the appended claims, rather than the foregoing description,and changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of theclaims are embraced therein.

What is claimed is:
 1. A capacitor module of an inverter module toprovide electrical power to an electric vehicle, comprising: a capacitorhousing; a plurality of positive terminals coupled with a first surfaceof the capacitor housing and extending from the first surface at a firstangle; a plurality of negative terminals coupled with the first surfaceof the capacitor housing; a divider coupled with the first surface ofthe capacitor housing, the divider disposed between the plurality ofpositive terminals and the plurality of negative terminals, and thedivider electrically isolates the plurality of positive terminals fromthe plurality of negative terminals; a plurality of mounting holesformed on an outer surface of the capacitor housing; an extensionportion of the divider, the extension portion disposed between theplurality of positive terminals and the plurality of negative terminalsto electrically insulate the plurality of positive terminals from theplurality of negative terminals, and wherein the plurality of positiveterminals are adjacent to a first side surface of the extension portionand the plurality of negative terminals are adjacent to a second sidesurface of the extension portion; a first divider support member to holdthe plurality of positive terminals and the plurality of negativeterminals; and a second divider support member to hold the plurality ofpositive terminals and the plurality of negative terminals.
 2. Thecapacitor module of claim 1, comprising: a dielectric gel tray coupledwith capacitor housing through the plurality of mounting holes, thedielectric gel tray defining an inner region, the inner region havingthe plurality of positive terminals, the plurality of negativeterminals, and the divider disposed therein.
 3. The capacitor module ofclaim 1, comprising: the extension portion disposed perpendicular withrespect to the first surface of the capacitor housing, wherein theextension portion extends at a same angle as the divider with respect tothe first surface of the capacitor housing.
 4. The capacitor module ofclaim 1, comprising: the extension portion having a height in a rangefrom 1 mm to 4 mm.
 5. The capacitor module of claim 1, comprising: aplurality of separating elements formed on the divider; and a secondplurality of separating elements formed on the divider.
 6. The capacitormodule of claim 1, comprising: a plurality of separating elements formedon at least one side surface of the divider, each of the plurality ofseparating elements formed at a height in a range from 18 mm to 22 mmwith respect to a bottom end of the divider.
 7. The capacitor module ofclaim 1, comprising: the plurality of positive terminals including apositive base portion and a plurality of positive leads, the pluralityof positive leads extending from the positive base portion.
 8. Thecapacitor module of claim 1, comprising: each of the plurality ofpositive terminals including at least one positive lead, each of thepositive leads having a thickness in a range from 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm. 9.The capacitor module of claim 1, comprising: the plurality of negativeterminals including a negative base portion and a plurality of negativeleads, the plurality of negative leads extending from the negative baseportion.
 10. The capacitor module of claim 1, comprising: each of theplurality of negative terminals including at least one negative lead,each of the negative leads having a thickness in a range from 0.5 mm to1.5 mm.
 11. The capacitor module of claim 1, comprising: the capacitormodule disposed in an inverter module of a drive train unit, the drivetrain unit having multiple inverter modules.
 12. The capacitor module ofclaim 1, comprising: the capacitor module disposed in an inverter moduleof a drive train unit, the drive train unit disposed in an electricvehicle.
 13. A method for providing a capacitor module of an invertermodule of an electric vehicle, the method comprising: providing acapacitor housing of a capacitor module; coupling a plurality ofpositive terminals with a first surface of the capacitor housing suchthat the plurality of positive terminals extend from the first surfaceat a first angle; coupling a plurality of negative terminals with thefirst surface of the capacitor housing; disposing a divider between theplurality of positive terminals and the plurality of negative terminals,the divider coupled with the first surface of the capacitor housing, andthe divider electrically isolates the plurality of positive terminalsfrom the plurality of negative terminals; forming a plurality ofmounting holes on an outer surface of the capacitor housing; coupling afirst divider support member with a first edge surface of the dividerusing a first adhesive layer, the first divider support member to holdthe plurality of positive terminals and the plurality of negativeterminals; and coupling a second divider support member with a secondedge surface of the divider using a second adhesive layer, the seconddivider support member to hold the plurality of positive terminals andthe plurality of negative terminals, wherein the second edge surface isan opposite end of the divider with respect to the first edge surface.14. The method of claim 13, comprising: forming a plurality ofseparating elements on a first side surface of the divider; and forminga plurality of separating elements on a second side surface of thedivider.
 15. The method of claim 13, comprising: coupling an extensionportion with the divider, the extension portion disposed between theplurality of positive terminals and the plurality of negative terminalsto electrically insulate the plurality of positive terminals from theplurality of negative terminals.
 16. The method of claim 13, comprising:coupling the first divider support member with the first edge surface ofthe divider; and coupling the second divider support member with thesecond edge surface of the divider, wherein the plurality of positiveterminals and the plurality of negative terminals are disposed betweenthe first divider support member and the second divider support member.17. The method of claim 13, comprising: disposing the capacitor modulein an inverter module of a drive train unit, the drive train unit havingmultiple inverter modules.
 18. The method of claim 13, comprising:providing the capacitor module in an inverter module of a drive trainunit; and providing the drive train unit in an electric vehicle.
 19. Anelectric vehicle, comprising: a capacitor module of an inverter moduleof an electric vehicle, the capacitor module comprising: a capacitorhousing; a plurality of positive terminals coupled with a first surfaceof the capacitor housing and extending from the first surface at a firstangle; a plurality of negative terminals coupled with the first surfaceof the capacitor housing; a divider coupled with the first surface ofthe capacitor housing, the divider disposed between the plurality ofpositive terminals and the plurality of negative terminals, and thedivider electrically isolates the plurality of positive terminals fromthe plurality of negative terminals; a plurality of mounting holesformed on an outer surface of the capacitor housing; an extensionportion of the divider, the extension portion disposed between theplurality of positive terminals and the plurality of negative terminalsto electrically insulate the plurality of positive terminals from theplurality of negative terminals, and wherein the plurality of positiveterminals are adjacent to a first side surface of the extension portionand the plurality of negative terminals are adjacent to a second sidesurface of the extension portion; a first divider support member to holdthe plurality of positive terminals and the plurality of negativeterminals; and a second divider support member to hold the plurality ofpositive terminals and the plurality of negative terminals.